N'ime nnukwu netwọkụ nke sistemu ike ọgbara ọhụrụ,elu voltaji ike cablesna-eje ozi dị ka ihe dị oké mkpa "Arteries." N'ịbụ ndị e liri n'okpuru ala, na-agafe osimiri, na ijikọta obodo na ọdụ ọkụ eletrik, ha na-ebunye ọbara ndụ nke ọkụ eletrik na-eme ka ọha mmadụ anyị rụọ ọrụ nke ọma na ntụkwasị obi. Ka obodo mepere emepe na-eme ngwa ngwa, ike mmeghari ohuru na-ejikọta n'ọtụtụ buru ibu, na grids na-enweta nkwalite ọgụgụ isi, ihe ndị chọrọ teknụzụ na mkpa atụmatụ nke eriri ọkụ voltaji dị elu na-aga n'ihu na-eto eto. Edemede a na-abanye n'ime teknụzụ bụ isi, ọnọdụ ngwa, njirisi nhọrọ, na ọganihu ụlọ ọrụ nke ikuku ike ndị a siri ike ma dị jụụ.
I. Igwe ọkụ ọkụ dị elu: Nkọwa & Uru isi
Igwe ọkụ ọkụ dị elu (HV) na-ezokarị aka na eriri nnyefe agbagoro na 35kV na karịa. Tụnyere ahịrị ndị dị n'elu, isi uru ha bụ:
Ịrụ ọrụ oghere: arụnyere n'okpuru ala, na-ahapụ ohere dị elu bara uru, dị mma maka mpaghara obodo mepere emepe, mbara ala nwere mmetụta dị nro, na mbara ala dị mgbagwoju anya.
Nchekwa & Ntụkwasị Obi: Na-eguzogide ọgwụ megide oke ihu igwe (typhoons, oké mmiri ozuzo), na-ebelata ihe ize ndụ mmebi nke mpụga, na ịgba mbọ hụ na ike na-aga n'ihu.
Mbelata Mmetụta Gburugburu Ebe Obibi: Mbelata nnyonye anya electromagnetic na ihe ịchọ mma echekwara.
Mbufe ikike dị elu{{0}: Karịsịa na ngalaba Extra High Voltage (EHV) na Ultra High Voltage (UHV), na-enyere ogologo{1}} anya, nnukwu nnyefe ike dị oke mkpa maka izipu ike mpaghara.
II. Anatomi Structural: Nchekwa Layered, Nhazi arụpụtara
Igwe ọkụ HV{0} dị elu bụ ihe ịtụnanya nke injinia ziri ezi, na-enwekarị:
1. Nduzi: High{1}}ọcha annealed ọla kọpa ma ọ bụ aluminum, na-enwekarị nnukwu cross{2} ngalaba (segmented imewe na-emekarị maka elu voltaji), n'ịhụ na obere ọnwụ na elu ugbu a-ikike ibu.
2. Ihuenyo njikwa: Ọkara - oyi akwa na-eme ka ọkụ eletrik dị nro n'elu ebe ihe na-eduzi, na-egbochi mmebi akụkụ nke mwepu na mkpuchi.
3. Isi mkpuchi: Isi teknụzụ teknụzụ! Ihe ndị na-ewu ewu:
Ofe-Polyethylene jikọrọ ọnụ (XLPE): Ihe bụ isi ugbu a. Na-enye akụrụngwa eletrik dị mma (ike dielectric dị elu, ọnwụ dielectric dị ala), nguzogide okpomọkụ (ogo 90), ike igwe, na nhazi tozuru oke.
Ethylene Propylene Rubber (EPR/EPDM):** Mgbanwe dị elu, iru mmiri na nguzogide kemịkalụ, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka ngwa mkpanaaka, eriri okpuru mmiri, na gburugburu ebe siri ike.
4. Ihuenyo mkpuchi: Ọzọ ọkara{1} oyi akwa na-eduzi, na-eme ka nkesa ọkụ eletrik dị n'ime mkpuchi ahụ.
5. Metallic Screen: teepu ọla kọpa ma ọ bụ eriri waya. Na-enye ụzọ nsogbu dị ugbu a, na-amachi nnyonye anya electromagnetic (EMI), ma mee ka voltaji kwụsie ike.
6. Nkịta dị n'èzí (Jaketị): Na-echebe megide mmebi n'ibu, chemical corrosion, na gburugburu ebe obibi nrụgide (UV, mmiri). Ihe ndị a na-ahụkarị:
Polyethylene (PE): ihu igwe mara mma, mmiri na nguzogide eletrik.
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): ezigbo ire ọkụ, ike arụ ọrụ, ọnụ ahịa - dị irè.
Igwe ọkụ Halogen efu (LSZH) Polyolefin: Ihe dị mkpa maka ebe nchekwa ọkụ dị oke egwu (ọwara, ụzọ ụgbọ oloko, elu-ebili); na-emepụta anwụrụ ọkụ dị ala, ọ dịghị gas na-egbu egbu / na-emerụ emerụ mgbe ọkụ.
7. Akụkụ pụrụ iche (Dị ka achọrọ):
Armour: teepu/waya ígwè galvanized (nchebe òké/nkịta, nhịahụ nhịahụ), enweghị - magnetik igwe anaghị agba nchara / waya (belata eddy ugbu a ọnwụ).
Mgbochi mmiri: teepu / yarn na-egbuke egbuke, teepu laminate aluminum, wdg, iji gbochie ntinye mmiri ogologo oge (karịsịa maka eriri ụgbọ mmiri / ụgbọ mmiri).
III. Isi ihe ịma aka nka na ụzụ & ngwọta
Nhazi eriri USB HV na nrụpụta na-eche nnukwu nsogbu ihu:
Njikwa Ubi eletrik: Mgbagwoju anya nkesa ubi n'okpuru nnukwu voltaji.
Ngwọta: Nkwalite nkenke nke ọkpụrụkpụ mkpuchi, ultra-smooth semi-con screens iji kpochapụ mmejọ micro{2}, ịdị ọcha n'ichepụta siri ike.
Mwepu akụkụ (PD): Obere mpụta n'ime ma ọ bụ n'elu mkpuchi mkpuchi, isi ihe na-akpata ịka nká (na-eduga na osisi eletrik). **Ngwọta:** Ultra{1} ihe dị ọcha, extrusion ziri ezi, 100% nnwale PD n'ịntanetị/anọghị n'ịntanetị.
Njikwa okpomọkụ: Okpomọkụ sitere na ọnwụ onye nduzi, ọnwụ dielectric, ọnwụ agha (mkpụrụ mmiri ọkụ).
Ngwọta: Nhazi onye nduzi kachasị mma (dịka ọmụmaatụ, Milliken), ihe ndị na-efunahụ obere -, ngụkọ nhụsianya ziri ezi na-atụle nrụnye (nkwụsị ikuku nke ala, nchịkọta eriri).
Ntụkwasị obi n'ọrụ: ike ịdọrọ nwụnye, ogologo oge- nrụgide arụ ọrụ, nrụgide gburugburu ebe obibi (ma jijiji, ala ọma jijiji).
Ngwọta: Nhazi nhazi siri ike (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ịkwanye), njikwa esemokwu nke ọma, ihe ductile.
Ogologo oge - ịka nká: Mmebi n'okpuru mgbaka ọkụ eletrik jikọtara ọnụ, thermal, mechanical, na gburugburu ebe obibi.
Ngwọta: Nnwale ịka nká agbakwunyere maka ntule ndụ, nhazi ihe na-egbochi ịka nká, njikwa okpomọkụ siri ike n'oge ọrụ.
IV. Ngwa igodo & Nhọrọ nhọrọ
Igwe HV dị mkpa maka:
Urban Grids: 110kV, 220kV netwọk azụ azụ n'okpuruala, na-edozi mkpọkọ ọnụ ụzọ, na-eme ka ntụkwasị obi dịkwuo elu.
Ihe ọkụkụ ọkụ ọkụ: Ijikọ thermal, hydro, nuclear, nnukwu ikuku / anyanwụ na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri.
Interconnectors: EHV/HVDC cables (eg, 500kV AC ala, ± 525kV DC submarine) na-enyere nnukwu ike mgbanwe n'etiti mpaghara / mba.
Mbufe ụgbọ mmiri: Ijikọ agwaetiti, nyiwe ndị dị n'ikpere mmiri, gafee- oke ala. Na-achọ ihe owuwu pụrụ iche (dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ọbọ ndu maka corrosion, ihe agha waya igwe maka ike tensile, fiber optics agbakwunyere maka nleba anya).
Ụlọ ọrụ dị arọ: ike ọkpụkpụ azụ dị n'ime maka nnukwu osisi, ogbunigwe, ebe data, ọdụ ụgbọ elu, ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri.
Mmekọrịta enwere ike imeghari: Ahịrị ndị na-anakọta maka nnukwu osisi PV / ugbo ikuku na njikọ na ọdụ ụgbọ ala.
Ihe ndị dị mkpa nhọrọ:
1. Voltage Rating: Ezipụta voltaji ọnụ ọgụgụ sistemụ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, 110kV, 220kV) na voltaji arụ ọrụ kacha.
2. Rating dị ugbu a (Ampacity): Dabere na ibu dị ugbu a, obere{1}}ikike okirikiri, derated maka usoro nrụnye (direct olili, duct bank, ọwara, àkwà mmiri, mmiri n'okpuru mmiri), okpomọkụ gburugburu, ala okpomọkụ resistivity, na otu.
3. Ụdị mkpuchi: XLPE bụ nhọrọ mbụ; EPR maka gburugburu pụrụ iche (mgbanwe dị elu, mkpughe kemịkalụ siri ike).
4. Sheath & Armour:
Ozu ozu ozugbo: Mgbochi-òké/ọgbochi- ihe agha oge (steel teepu/non{2}}waya magnetik), ihu igwe{3}}ọbọ na-eguzogide.
Ụgbọ mmiri okpuru mmiri/Subaqueous: Ọtụtụ n'ígwé nke ngwa agha waya ígwè, n'ọbọ ndu ma ọ bụ ihe mgbochi mmiri agbakwunyere, corrosion{0}}ọbọ na-eguzogide.
Ọwara/ime ime: Igwe ọkụ efu Halogen (LSZH) ire ọkụ{0}}ọbọ na-adịgide adịgide.
5. Ịrụ ọkụ ọkụ: Dị oke egwu maka oghere ọha, ụzọ mgbapụ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, metros) - mmanye ọkụ na-egbochi ọkụ Class A, LSZH, obere nsị.
6. Ụkpụrụ & Asambodo: Nrube isi na ụkpụrụ IEC, GB, IEEE, CIGRE. Nnweta ụdị akụkọ nnwale sitere n'aka ndị nwere ikike (dịka, KEMA, CPRI).
V. Ntinye, Nrụpụta & Njikwa Ndụ
Precise Installation: Strict control of pulling tension and sidewall pressure (using capstans, roller systems), adherence to minimum bending radius (typically >20x USB dayameta), mgbochi nke mmebi igwe.
Nkwekọrịta ntụkwasị obi na nkwụsị: Isi adịghị ike dị egwu. Ndị ọkachamara ga-egburịrị na gburugburu ebe a na-achịkwa (nhicha, crimping/welding, insulation rebuilding, stress cone application, sealing), na-esote ule na-adịghị emebi emebi (X-ray, ultrasound).
Nleba anya ọnọdụ:
Nhụta okpomoku ekesa (DTS): ezigbo oge{{0} nkọwapụta okpomoku maka oke ibu/achọpụta ebe dị nso.
Nleba anya nchụpụ akụkụ dị n'ịntanetị: Na-achọpụta ntụpọ- n'oge.
Nleba anya n'ọbọ dị ugbu a: Na-enyocha iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke ihuenyo dara dara.
Nchọpụta oge nke oge: nguzogide mkpuchi, DC/AC Iguzogide (VLF/Resonant), nnwale PD na-anọghị n'ịntanetị.
Njikwa Akụrụngwa Smart: Iji nyocha data maka ndozi amụma yana ntule ndụ fọdụrụ.
VI. Ọganihu ụlọ ọrụ & Ọdịnihu Ọdịnihu
Higher Voltage Level: Maturation na wider deployment of 500kV+ AC land cables, ± 525kV/± 800kV DC submarine cables.
Igwe ikuku na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma: Ntu oyi mmiri nitrogen na-enyere aka nso -efu efu, ultra{1}} ikike dị elu, na-aga n'ihu na ngosipụta n'ime isi obodo/obere elu{2}} ụzọ ibu.
Eco-Ihe eji eme enyi: Mmepe nke biodegradable/dị ala-carbon footprint sheathing, uzo ozo maka gas SF6 (maka GIL).
Dijitalụ & ọgụgụ isi: njikọta nke ihe mmetụta ndị ọzọ (okpomọkụ, nje, PD, mmiri mmiri), imepụta ejima dijitalụ maka njikwa okirikiri ndụ transperent.
Nrụpụta Innovation: Emelitere nkenke na HV mkpuchi extrusion (CCV), ụkpụrụ ụlọ dị ọcha dị elu.
VII. Ngwọta ụlọ ọrụ: Ike na-eme ka nnyefe a pụrụ ịdabere na ya
Na mpaghara eriri HV, imekọ ihe na ndị na-ebubata ihe nwere nka nka miri emi, ikike nrụpụta zuru oke na netwọkụ ọrụ zuru ụwa ọnụ bụ ihe kacha mkpa. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụlọ ọrụ Shaanxi Jinshenghong Cable, dị ka ụlọ ọrụ agbakwunyere gụnyere R&D, mmepụta, na ire nke wires na eriri, na-eme ka nnukwu ụlọ nrụpụta{1} ya dị elu yana agbụ ụlọ ọrụ zuru oke zuru oke iji wepụta ngwọta ọkọnọ siri ike:
Pọtụfoliyo ngwaahịa zuru oke: Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-enye ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 30 isi usoro gụnyere 220kV na n'okpuru plastic insulated cable cables, 35KV na n'okpuru ike cables, ọkụ {{3}na-eguzogide cables, obere anwụrụ ọkụ zero halogen (LSZH) cables, njikwa cables, pre- alaka cables, insulated aerial cables, ígwè aerial cables, steel wired armored cables, non{6}} magnetik steel strip/waya ihe agha, elu-ọkụ na-eguzogide okpomọkụ, eriri fotovoltaic, ikuku ikuku, ụgbọ ọhụrụ ume ọkụ ikpo ọkụ, eriri na ụmụ ahụhụ na-eguzogide, na waya eletriki na eriri. Nke a gụnyere ihe karịrị ụdị 4000 na nkọwa 50,000, na-enye ** ngwọta zuru ezu ** site na ọkpụkpụ nnyefe EHV na ntinye ọhụrụ na ngwa pụrụ iche.
Teknụzụ & Nkwenye Dị Mma: Ejiri ya na mmepụta dị elu yana akụrụngwa nnwale siri ike, na-agbasosi ụkpụrụ mba ụwa (IEC) na nke mba (GB), na-ahụ maka ngwaahịa a pụrụ ịdabere na ya, nchekwa na ogologo oge.
Global Service Network: Na-etinye aka na atụmatụ "Belt na Road", ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-ebupụ gaa na mba na mpaghara 130 n'ofe Europe, South America, North America, Middle East, Africa, Asia, na Oceania, na-enye nkwado siri ike maka iwulite usoro mmepe nke okpukpu abụọ- na-ejikọta ahịa ụlọ na mba ụwa. Otu ndị ahịa nwere ahụmahụ na-enye nkwado OEM/ODM yana ngwọta zuru oke{3}}kwụsị.
Ihe ịga nke ọma ngwa ngwa egosipụtara: A na-eji ngwaahịa eme ihe na akụrụngwa mba dị oke egwu gụnyere grids ọkụ, ọrụ ndị agha, ike, ume ọhụrụ (PV, ike ikuku), nchekwa mmiri, owuwu injinia, ọdụ ọdụ 5G, nnukwu ụgbọ oloko ọsọ ọsọ{{1}, ọdụ ụgbọ elu, ụzọ ụgbọ oloko, na ngalaba ndị nkịtị. Na-eje ozi n'elu ụlọ ọrụ 100,000, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ enwetawo ntụkwasị obi site na aha siri ike na ọrụ a pụrụ ịdabere na ya.
Mmechi: Ịmekọrịta njikọ ike ọgbara ọhụrụ
Igwe ọkụ ọkụ dị elu bụ isi nkuku nke sistemu ike ọgbara ọhụrụ nwere nchekwa, dị mma na ọgụgụ isi. Mgbagwoju anya teknụzụ ha dị elu, ihe siri ike chọrọ, yana ọnọdụ ngwa dị egwu chọrọ nghọta miri emi nke ụkpụrụ imewe, njirisi arụmọrụ, atụmatụ nhọrọ, na njikwa okirikiri ndụ. Ka mgbanwe ike na-aga n'ihu na nkà na ụzụ na-aga n'ihu, nke dị elu- na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, na-emewanyewanye ihe na gburugburu ebe obibi HV cables ga-aga n'ihu na-enye ike njikọ ike zuru ụwa ọnụ, na-enye ìhè ụzọ maka mmepe na-adigide. Ịhọrọ onye mmekọ dị ka **Shaanxi Jinshenghong Cable Company ***, ya na R&D siri ike na ikike nrụpụta, ahụmịhe ọrụ buru ibu, yana ike ọrụ zuru ụwa ọnụ, na-enye ntọala siri ike na ntụkwasị obi maka nnukwu ọrụ akụrụngwa ike - ịgba mbọ hụ na “atergy artery” ka siri ike.